We
are living in a world full of diseases, and despite the development of
technology and medicine, man yet has not come to a point of stopping getting
sick. Among these diseases that infect the man, heart diseases hits a segment
of people that isn't few. Our main point in this research is about Coronary
Artery disease and its two ways of treatment which are Coronary Artery Bypass
Grafting or CABG and percutaneous coronary intervention or PCI.
The main cause of Coronary artery disease is the buildup of fats and
cholesterol in the blood vessels of the heart. These elements stop oxygen and
nutrients from reaching the heart and so the heart fails to do its job
properly. The patient starts to feel pain in his chest and shortness of breath,
symptoms that might lead to a heart attack. To solve this problem, there are
two ways of treatments, surgical and non surgical treatments. The first type of
treatment is a kind of surgery called Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting or CABG. In this
surgery the doctors take a healthy artery or vein from the body that is
connected to the blocked coronary artery and make it bypass the blocked area of
the coronary artery and as a result it creates a new path of blood rich of
oxygen and nutrients to reach the heart, thus the heart starts working properly
again. The other way of treatment is called percutaneous coronary intervention
or PCI; it's a nonsurgical way to treat the coronary disease by opening the
blocked artery instead of bypassing it. In this process the doctors insert a
catheter through the skin in the groin or arm into an artery. On the tip of
this catheter there are different devices such as a balloon, stent or cutting
device. The doctor starts moving the catheter into the coronary artery till it
reaches the blocked area, then starts assimilating the balloons, stents and
other devices that might cut out the plaque, as a result the blocked artery
will open up letting the blood to go to the heart. For me I prefer the surgical
way of treatment which is the CABG.
The CABG surgery has many
advantages as the results of doing this surgery have been proven to be
excellent in many ways. The surgery improves or completely treats the symptoms
of the disease in most patients. A lot of patients remain symptom-free for 10 to
15 years. So CABG helps the patients to decrease the risk of getting a heart
attack and it helps them to live longer. Another advantage is that the surgery
can be repeated if any blockages come to form in the grafted arteries or veins
or blockages that happen to new arteries.
CABG almost has no disadvantages,
only the patient might get symptoms recur. But for the PCI, it has many
disadvantages, sometimes the catheter gets a problem in getting through the
blocked artery also a blood clot might from at the site if the inner lining of
the artery gets torn at the balloon site and this will make the problem start
over again. So the risk of getting a heart attack increases with the PCI and
the patient might get to do an emergent CABG surgery.
To sum up the heart problems are very
common and they have to be taken seriously. The coronary artery disease is
heart problem that might lead to death in ten minutes of pain. The technology
in medicine has invented to types of treatments for this disease, the first one
is called the Coronary
Artery Bypass Grafting or CABG, it's a kind of surgery that makes a
healthy vein in the body do the job of the blocked artery in reaching the blood
to the heart and make it do its job properly, this way have proven itself to be
effective and successful as it leaves no symptoms and completely solve the
problem, the patient might live for about ten or fifteen years after it without
getting any symptoms of heart problems. The other way of treatment is called
the percutaneous coronary intervention or PCI, it's a process of trying to fix
the blocked artery and open it up by using a catheter having a balloon, stent
and other devices on its tip. This process is known as a fast solution for
coronary artery disease but it has not proven itself worthy as the problem
appears again and blood colts gather around the balloon or the stent blocking
the way of the blood to the heart. So in conclusion the CABG way of treating
Coronary artery disease is better that the PCI one.
References:
1- Academic articles
about Coronary Artery disease. http://scholar.google.com.eg/scholar?q=coronary+artery+disease&hl=ar&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi49e64j97XAhUS-aQKHUZzBRIQgQMIKzAA
2- National
Institute of health USA website. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cabg
3- E-medicine health
academic articles. https://www.emedicinehealth.com/percutaneous_coronary_intervention_pci/page3_em.htm#what_are_the_complications_of_percutaneous_coronary_intervention
4- E-medicine health academic articles. https://www.emedicinehealth.com/percutaneous_coronary_intervention_pci/article_em.htm
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